Pat Buchanan and Watergate

     Pat Buchanan was one of the first staffers to join the group of Nixon’s speech writers. He arrived shortly after Nixon settled into the firm's offices at twenty bond street. Buchanan joined Rose Woods in the small office adjoining Nixon’s and started to do all of the nascent campaign’s routine political writing- letters, speeches articles and memos to possible political allies. He was to become one-third of the presidential speech writing team. One of Pat Buchanan’s  jobs was to prepare president Nixon by telling him what to say for his daily news summary called news and comment. After Watergate one memo written by Buchanan was that “we ought to go down to the kennels and turn all the dogs loose on ecology Ed” He also said after that “The president is the only one who should stand clear while everybody else gets chewed up”. Showing his dedication to President Nixon. In November 1972, in a speech to the New England Society of Newspaper Editors Pat Buchanan attacked the Washington Post and CBS news for overplaying Watergate after what he termed an independent investigation in the white house corroborated the findings of the FBI that “no one in the white house was in any way involved in the Watergate affair.” 

                                                     Bibliography
Firestone, Bernard J., and Alexej Ugrinsky. Gerald R. Ford and the Politics of Post-Watergate America. Vol. 2. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993. http://www.questiaschool.com/read/98642586.
Garment, Leonard. In Search of Deep Throat: The Greatest Political Mystery of Our Time. New York: Basic Books, 2000. http://www.questiaschool.com/read/85908427.
———. In Search of Deep Throat: The Greatest Political Mystery of Our Time. New York: Basic Books, 2000. http://www.questiaschool.com/read/85908454.
———. In Search of Deep Throat: The Greatest Political Mystery of Our Time. New York: Basic Books, 2000. http://www.questiaschool.com/read/85908635.
———. In Search of Deep Throat: The Greatest Political Mystery of Our Time. New York: Basic Books, 2000. http://www.questiaschool.com/read/85908636.
———. In Search of Deep Throat: The Greatest Political Mystery of Our Time. New York: Basic Books, 2000. http://www.questiaschool.com/read/85908659.
Genovese, Michael A. The Watergate Crisis. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999. http://www.questiaschool.com/read/15308410.
———. The Watergate Crisis. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999. http://www.questiaschool.com/read/15308450.
Roberts, Robert N., and Marion T. Doss, Jr. From Watergate to Whitewater: The Public Integrity War. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1997. http://www.questiaschool.com/read/65482303.
_____Salant, Richard S. Salant, CBS, and the Battle for the Soul of Broadcast Journalism: The Memoirs of Richard S. Salant. Edited by Susan Buzenberg and Bill Buzenberg. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999. http://www.questiaschool.com/read/85903823.

America Enters the Vietnam Conflict

1. What European country controlled (ruled) Vietnam before, during and immediately following World War II?      
   Before, during and immediately following World War Two France controlled Vietnam.


2. Who led the Viet Minh (anti-Japanese resistance group)?       
 Ho Chi Minh led the Viet Minh.



3. Which country helped France keep Vietnam and why?       
   America attempted to help France keep Vietnam because they saw the Viet Minh as the puppets of Mao and the Chinese communists.



4. What is the Domino Theory?       
  The Domino Theory was that if Vietnam fell to communism then Loas, Cambodia, Thailand, Burma and possibly even India might all fall to communism. 



5. In 1955 the United States installed this man as the leader of the Republic of South Vietnam. Who was he and why was he placed into power?           
 In 1955 the United States installed Ngo Dinh Diem as the leader of the Republic of South Vietnam because bitterly anti-communist and was prepared to imprison or exile communists. 




6. What was the Ho Chi Minh Trail? How was it used?           
  The Ho Chi Minh Trail was a trail that the Viet Cong used to send reinforcements and ferried supplies to guerrilla fighters. 



7. What was the Tonkin Gulf Resolution? What powers did it give President Johnson? 
 The Tonkin Gulf Resolution was a resolution that the US congress passed giving Lyndon Jackson the power to take all necessary measures to prevent further aggression and achieve peace and security. Also it meant that he could take the USA into a full-scale war if he felt that it was necessary.



8. Look at the timeline on page 256. Why is 1965 considered a "turning point" year for American involvement in Vietnam?               
  1965 is considered a "turning point" for American involvement in Vietnam because it was when the first American combat troops came ashore at Da Nang also there was a major Viet Cong offensive and the Battle in La Dreng valley were communists suffered a heavy loss.
 


9. Why, according to Source 3 on page 255, were U.S. troops put into a difficult position in Vietnam?        
 According to Source 3; U.S troops were put into a difficult position in Vietnam because many officials were pocketing the money that was meant for seed fertiliser and irrigation as well as medical care, education and other social benefits. 

China during and after communism

China before and after Communism

  The Communist of China was formed in 1921, it was under the control of Mao Zedong in 1927. In 1947 Mao led a revolution and the communist party obtained control. Like the Soviet Union, China lead through with the same development with heavy industry and surpluses extracted from peasants. Consumer goods were left to secondary importance. In the Sino-Soviet split during the 1950's Mao split from traditional Marxism-Leninism and developed Maoism, the Chinese interpretation of communism. Mao was upset with the Soviet Leader Khrushchev's position of peaceful coexistence between the communists and the capitalists. The Maoists started a strong communist tradition, instituting the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. The Great Leap forward was instituted to help transform China into a heavy industrialized society. However this was largely considered to be a failure and many Chinese starved to death. In the Cultural Revolution Mao overthrew his enemies and millions of people were killed or persecuted.    

  The current constitution of China was created in 1982 and has been continuously revised since. The Constitution includes many civil rights such as: free speech, press, worship, the right to trial and the right to own private property. However in practice the constitution has widely not been followed. There was very little done to ensure that the new laws instituted follow the constitution. Also the judicial system does not provide any particular method for review of new laws.

Cold War Heats up in Asia

1. Who was Chiang Kai-shek?         
 Chiang Kai-shek was a nationalist who ruled Eastern and Southern China in 1945. He relied heavily on aid from the United States. He also struggled inflation and a failing economy and suffered from weak leadership and poor morale.  

2. Who was Mao Zedong?      
  Mao Zedong was a communist who ruled northern China in 1945. He relied heavily on aid from the Soviet Union and also attracted peasants with promises of land reform. Also he benefited from experienced guerrilla army and a highly motivated leadership. 


3. How were the Communist able to take over China?     
  The communist were able to take over China by the nationalists collected a grain tax from farmers even during the the famine of 1944. When city dwellers demonstrated against a 10,000 percent increase in the price of rice, Chiang's secret police opened fire on them. Which then allowed Mao Zedong to gain strength throughout the country by working to win peasant support. They encouraged peasants by encouraged them to learn how to read and write and they also helped to improve food production.  


4. How did the State Department respond to critics that Truman's "Containment" policy didn't extend to Asia?               
 The State Department responded by saying that what happened in China was a result of internal forces and that the United States had failed in it's attempts to influence these forces, such as Chiang's inability to retain the support of his people. 


5. How did Korea become a divided nation after World War II?      
 Korea became a divided nation after World War two by Japan was originally taken over by the Japanese  from 1910 until 1945 and when World War Two ended the top half of Korea surrendered to the Soviets while the bottom half surrendered to America. Which caused the two nation to divided into communists and democrats.


6. What is the importance of the Yalu River and what prompted the Chinese to enter the Korean War?     
 The importance of the Yalu River was that it was the "border" in the war and the Chinese were prompted to enter the Korean War by the fact that they wanted North Korea as a communist buffer state to protect their northeastern provinces that made up Manchuria. 

7. Who is General Douglas MacArthur and what did he want to do against China?     
 General Douglas MacArthur was an American general and he wanted an extension of the war into China being convinced that Korea was the place "where the communist conspirators have elected to make their play for global conquest." Also MacArthur called for the use of nuclear weapons against Chinese cities.


8. Why did Truman relieve MacArthur from duty?       
  Truman relieved MacArthur from duty because he spoke and wrote privately about the idea to newspapers , magazine publishers and especially Republican Leaders and he also continued to criticize the president.


9. How did the war end?       
 The war ended by the opposing sides reached agreement on two points: the location of the cease fire line at the existing battle line and the establishment of a demilitarized zone between the two opposing sides. Negotiators spent another year wrangling over the exchange of prisoners and finally in July 1953 the two sides signed an armistice ending the war.
10. He is the current leader of North Korea and was also named the "Sexiest Man Alive" in 2012.      

Origins of the Cold War Outline

To what extent were the policies of the United States responsible for the outbreak and development of the Cold War between 1945 and 1949?

 The United States was responsible for the outbreak of the development of the Cold War that was between 1945 and 1949 because of a numerous amount of reasons for example there was the Marshall Plan, The Truman Doctrine, Truman being an anti-communist, the atomic bombs that were dropped on Japan and lastly the Nato Alliance. However some may argue that the U.S.S.R were responsible for the Cold War because of Stalin took over Eastern Europe.
 First the Marshall Plan was a huge reason for the the United States being apart of the Cold War to begin with; The Marshall plan changed the economic situation in the European continent as a result of freeing up trade policies within the continent. This created a situation in which trade could be conducted freely and this ended up boosting their economy. While the Marshall Plan may not have initiated the economic recovery it was important in helping it. Also the Marshall plan helped America by the fact that to supply Europe with goods American farms and factories raised production levels which as a result the American economy continued its wartime boom.
 Second the Truman Doctrine and Truman being an anti-communist was another reason why the United States was responsible. To begin with the Truman Doctrine  provided Turkey and Greece with economic and military aid after the Ottoman Empire's  collapse in World War II.Therefore it was an indirect way by the United States to promote their idea of democracy to these nations.The United States did this because the Soviet Union's idea of communism was fastly spreading throughout Europe and the United States saw it as a threat. Therefore, by supplying other countries with aid, they won them over.
  Third the bombs being dropped on Japan by the United States Harry Truman dropped the bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima to end the war. At the time you could say that America was fighting two wars, one against Germany and one against Japan. Even though Japanese military supplies were very limited at this point in time of the war, Truman still enforced the Japanese to sign a treaty to surrender. After they failed to surrendered, America dropped 2 bombs on Japan. The effect was Japan surrendered the war immediately after the 2nd bombing. It also showed the military power America could potentially use to the world. The significance of it now is that the atomic bomb has basically created an arms race. The Cold War was a feud over not only communism but the fear of a nuclear war.
Fourth the NATO Alliance was another reason why the United States was responsible for the cold war NATO is an abbreviation for North Atlantic Treaty Organization the 12 members of NATO were the United States and Canada, Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway and Portugal. The twelve members of NATO pledged military support to each other in case any member was attacked.
Others may say that the U.S.S.R was to blame for the Cold War because of Stalin taking over Eastern Europe because the United States believed that Stalin was building up communism in the eastern European countries which the United States did not want. Some may say that  Soviet expansionism really did stem the whole cold war because it brought to the forefront the US's fear of communism and total hostility and the proxy war began over Marshall Aid, and the Berlin Airlift in 1948, which were as a result of soviet expansionism.
Hence the United States were responsible for the cold war because of The Marshall Plan, the Truman Doctrine, Truman being an anti-communist, the bombs being dropped on Japan and lastly the NATO alliance however some may argue that the U.S.S.R was responsible for the Cold War because of Stalin taking over Eastern Europe.

The Berlin Blockade and Airlift

1. What is Source 37 (p. 75) saying about Josip Tito, leader of Yugoslavia?     
  Source 37 is saying that Josip Tito is betraying Yugoslavia by accepting money from Americans. However when he is accepting the money he is under a cloak because does not want to be seen by anybody from Yugoslavia or the Soviet Union because he is not supposed to be taking money from Americans so he is therefore betraying Stalin and the Soviet Union.


2. Why do you think Stalin was so hostile to Tito?        
 I think that Stalin was so hostile to Tito because he was suspicious that Tito would not follow his ways and that he knew that he would do anything for his country even if it meant betraying Stalin by taking money from America. 


3. Look back at the map in Source 27 on page 71. How does the geographical position of Yugoslavia help to explain why Stalin did not take any direct action (such as sending in troops) against Tito?     
 The geographical position of Yugoslavia helps to explain why Stalin did not take any direct actions towards Tito because right next to Yugoslavia is Albania and he knew that Albania would help Yugoslavia if they needed it and also Yugoslavia is right near the ocean so if they had to the people of Yugoslavia could run away on boats.
 


4. Read Source 40 (p. 77). What reasons did the Soviet Union give for cutting off West Berlin?       
 The reasons that the Soviet Union gave for cutting off West Berlin were that they it was deep in the Soviet zone and was linked to the Soviet zones of western Germany by vital roads, canals and railroads.
5. Why do you think the USA did not believe these were genuine reasons?           
 The U.S did not believe that they were genuine reasons because they saw it as a test case and if they gave in to Stalin on this issue western Germany might of been next and Truman wanted to show that he was serious about his policy of containment.
 


6. How do Sources 41–43 differ in their interpretation of the blockade?            
 Sources 41-43 differ in the interpretation of the blockade by source 41 says that the blockade was considerable achievement but that neither side gained. Source 42 says that it brought the people of western Europe closer to the Americans and that it was a move to test our ability and our will to resist. Also source 43 says that the blockade the U.S was forced to yield and that their war plans had come to nothing because of the U.S.S.R.


7.  Which do you think is the most useful source for a historian studying the Berlin Blockade?       
 I think that source 43 is the most useful source because it showed both the U.S.S.R and the U.S view on the blockade.



8.  Which source do you think gives the most reliable view of the blockade?   
 I think that source 42 gives us the most reliable view of the blockade because it shows how the blockade gave Western Europe and America a closer relationship.   

Iron Curtain Separates Europe

What is your overall impression of Source 26 (p. 70) and use extracts from the source to support your view. (No fence sitting; you must choose one but not both)      

• a reasonable assessment of Stalin’s aims based on the facts
• an overreaction to Stalin’s actions based on fear of and prejudice towards the USSR?               
  My overall impressions is that this report from the British foreign secretary is an overreaction to Stalin's actions because the source clearly states that "The Soviet Government is not prepared to co-operate with any non-communist government in eastern Europe" and also that "Physical control of Europe and Asia and eventual control of the whole world is what Stalin is aiming at". I think that this is a overreaction because I do not believe that Stalin's true intentions were to take over and control the whole world like how the British foreign secretary post says that it was.   



  
2. Source 26 is a British source. Does it seem likely that similar documents were being produced by the American government?  
 Yes I believe that it does seem likely that similar documents like document 26 were being posted by the American Government because it was very clear during most of the Potsdam Conference and the Yalta conference that America and Britain were a team and were very suspicious of Stalin and his actions.   





3. Study Source 27 (p. 71) and make a list of three different actions that Communists took to achieve power in eastern Europe. AND Explain how each factor helped.   

Three different actions that Communists took to achieve power in eastern Europe were that after the war the communists joined a coalition government then became outright leaders in 1947 when they forced the non-communist leader into exile. This is a significant factor that helped because it forced other countries to join Stalin's ways and join the coalition government. Another action that the communist took was that they became the largest single party in the 1947 elections. They imprisoned opposition politicians and attacked church leaders. This is important factor because they were imprisoning other countries politicians that did not believe in the Soviet ways and that they also were attacking other countries religions and their church leaders.
Lastly another actions that the Communists took were that they in 1945 a communist was elected prime minister within a left-wing coalition and in 1947 the communists also abolished monarchy. This is also an important factor because countries that were controlled by Stalin and his communists could no longer have a monarchy government. 

The Potsdam Conference

1. Read Source 17 (p 68). At Yalta, Churchill and Roosevelt had agreed with Stalin that eastern Europe would be a Soviet ‘sphere of influence’. Do you think Source 17 is what they had in mind?   
 
 I do think that source 17 is what Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt had in mind because they wanted Eastern Europe to take responsibility for their actions that they made during The World War




2. Would they agree with Stalin’s views expressed in Sources 17 and 18? Explain your answer.       
   I do not think that they would agree with Stalin's views that were expressed in sources 17 and 18 because they can say that they are in the position that they are in because of the outcome that the war had on Eastern Europe so for them to have have any help would not be fair because America always has the help of Great Britain.





3.  Explain how each of the three developments described in the text might affect relationships at Potsdam.
  Each of the three developments described in the text might affect the relationships at Potsdam because they could of caused tension and awkwardness  between Churchill Stalin and Roosevelt. 

Origins of the Cold War: Yalta Conference

1. What month and year did the Yalta Conference place?      
The Yalta Conference took place in February 1945.




2. While the conference was taking place who were the Allies (Big Three) still fighting? Be specific. (Consider as well, what hadn't taken place yet that you've already studied.)        
 The big three allies still fighting in the time of the Yalta Conference were The United States, France and Great Britian and their leaders Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin.

 

3. Why was Roosevelt anxious to make concessions to Stalin concerning the fate of postwar Germany?        
 Roosevelt was anxious to make concessions to Stalin because he wanted to create the United Nations before World War Two ended he wanted a democratic world.


 

4. What decisions did Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin make at the Yalta Conference?      
 The decisions that Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin made were that the U.S gets the Soviets to promise to declare war against Japan 90 days after the Germans were defeated. They also agreed on the basics for the United Nations. Also they decided on that Germany would temporarily be divided into four zones. Lastly Stalin promised fee elections in Poland and Eastern Europe.

Nuclear Arms Race Since 1945

1. Explain how Dragonfire's report on October 11, 2001 highlighted a new threat from nuclear weapons.                 
 The dragonfire report was a report which claimed that Al Queda had brought a nuclear bomb into NYC. This event had brought this new threat of nuclear weapons that terrorist may use the nuclear weapons against the US and its allies. Also this caused a new danger of nuclear weapons complicating nation’s foreign affairs with one another

2. Why is proliferation such a strong concern for the United States?              
     Proliferation was a strong concern for the United States because the USSR might spread nuclear weapons to their communist allies who were not capable or did not yet have the technology which could bring the capitalist and communist world against one another in a full out end of the world nuclear war. 

3. What is deterrence?                   
   Deterrence was an idea that US air force strategist came up with saying that if one side were to launch a nuclear weapon at the other, and in retaliation the other nation would fire one back to devastate the initial attacker, both nations would fear total annihilation, and both sides would deterred from attacking.


4. Explain the importance of the Cuban Missile Crisis.                   
     
The importance of the Cuban Missile crisis is that this was the closest the US and the Soviet Union were to having a nuclear war and turning the Cold War into nothing but a humanity war. Also this ended the connection between the Cuban nation and the US, when JFK placed a trade embargo on Cuba which is still in existence today. 

5. President John F. Kennedy worried that twenty-five nations would have nuclear weapons by the 1970s. Why do you think his worry did not come to pass?                           
Kennedy's worry of the twenty-five nations having nuclear weapons by the 1970's did not come true because the US and the USSR agreed not to spread nuclear weapons or materials to their allies which without many nations would/will not be able to develop these weapons                          


6. What was the Cold War? How long did it last?                      
 The Cold War was the war which was never fought on a battlefield between the Capitalist US and the communist USSR. Although the two never fought head to head on the battlefield, both nations fought like the US in Korea and in Vietnam against the spreading of communism around the world.The Cold War raged from 1945 at the end of WWII to 1991 when the USSR collapsed

Works Cited

Chevalier, Tracy. Burning Bright. New York, Penguin Group, 2007
Canfield, Jack and Hansen, Mark V. and Kirberger, Kimberly. Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul 3. Deerfield Beach, FL, Health Communications, Inc, 2000.
Pinker, Steven. How The Mind Works: with a new forward. New York: W.W Norton and Company, Inc.,2009

Mobilizing for Defense

1. How did the American response to the Japanese raid on Pearl Harbor differ from Japanese expectations?        The Americans response to the Japanese raid on Pearl Harbor differed from the Japanese expectations because the Japanese thought that once the Americans experienced the Japanese power that they would shrink into further conflict. But instead the Americans filled with rage and not fear they wanted to start to attack the Japanese.  2. What difficulties did women and minorities face in the wartime work force?          Difficulties that women and minorities faced in the wartime work force was that they tried to make the WAAC which was that women would serve in noncombat positions. Even though hundreds of women signed up for this duty it was denied and the women served as nurses, ambulance drivers, radio operators, electricions and pilots. 3. Why did President Roosevelt create the OSRD, and what did it do?              President Roosevelt created the OSRD because it brought scientists into war effort. It showed improvement in sonar and radar. 4. What basic problems were the OPA and WPB created to solve?              The basic problems that the OPA and the WPB were able to get money to buy the items that they needed to win the war. 5. What type of items were rationed and why were they limited?           The types of items that were rationed were rationed books with coupons inside them, and also gas ration they were limited because the country could not afford to buy a lot of it they had to put all of their money towards the war. 6. What is the message of the World War II poster on this assignment's blog posting? Why was this message important?     The message of the World War two poster is a man driving alone with Hitler sitting next to him. This message conveyed to people that when they did not carpool with other people and save gas they were helping Hitler win the war by wasting their gas

War in the Pacific

1. In what ways were the American victory at Midway and the Japanese triumph at Pearl Harbor alike?    The American victory at Midway and the Japanese triumph at Pearl Harbor were alike because they both bombed each other from the sky also they both attacked and ruined each others aircraft carriers, cruisers and planes 2. Why was the Battle of Leyte Gulf so crucial to the Allies?         The Battle of Leyte Gulf was so crucial to the Allies because the Japanese would not surrender because they chose death over surrendering. This made it crucial to the Allies because it was easier for them to beat the Japanese and take there land. 3. Why was Okinawa a significant island in the war in the Pacific?        Okinawa was a significant island in the war in the pacific because it was another victory for the Allies and they were getting closer and closer to the Japanese Islands. 4. What was the Manhattan Project? And who was J. Robert Oppenheimer?            The Manhattan Project was the making of the atomic bomb. J. Robert Oppenheimer is the American scientist who made the bomb. 5. Why was Roosevelt anxious to make concessions to Stalin concerning the fate of postwar Germany?        Roosevelt was anxious to make the concessions to Stalin concerning the fate of postwar Germany because he wanted to make sure that if the Japanese decided to attack Japan again that the Soviet Union would stand by America and Britain and he also wanted his approval of a world peace keeping organization called the United Nations. 6. What decisions did Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin make at the Yalta Conference?          The decisions that Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin made at the Yalta Conference was that Roosevelt convinced Churchill to agree to dividing the Germany into four zones one for America one for the Soviet Union one for France and one for Britain. Also Stalin promised free and unfettered elections in Poland and other Soviet-occupied European countries. Lastly Stalin also agreed to join the war against Japan and to participate in the international conference that would make the United Nations become an reality. 7. At the trials, many Nazis defended themselves by saying they were only following orders. What does this rationale tell you about the German military? Why was it important to negate this justification?   This tells you that even many of the Nazis themselves were scared of Hitler and that they were brainwashed so much by Hitler that they believed that they were doing the right thing.

War for Europe and North Africa

1. Why had the tide turned in the Battle of the Atlantic by mid-1943?    

The tide had turned in the Battle of the Atlantic by mid-1943 by the Allies organizing their cargo ships into conveys. The conveys were escorted across the Atlantic with sonar for detecting under water submarines, and with also airplanes that had radars which could spot U-boats on the ocean's surface. With this they could find and destroys Germany's U-boats faster than they could rebuild them.


2. What two key decisions determined the final outcome at Stalingrad?      
The two key decisions that determined the final outcome at Stalingrad were that Hitler and his troops decided to control the city of Stalingrad and had almost conquered it until winter and the Soviet's trapped them in the city with their tanks so that there was no way that the German's could get out. 

3. What was the outcome of the North African campaign?       
The Outcome of the North African campaign was that America and Britain ended up conquering the North African front. 

4. What were the results of the Italian campaign?    
The result of the Italian campaign was that Mussolini was arrested and stripped from his title of being Italy's dictator.     
    

5. Was the Allied invasion of Europe successful? Explain your answer.    
The allied invasion of Europe was successful  because they were able to free some European countries such as France, Belgium and Luxembourg.
       

6. Why was the Battle of the Bulge important?    
The battle of the bulge was important because it was shown that the Nazi's could be beat and they also lost a lot of men and supplies that they had to rebuild and regain.          


7. What the significance of V-E day?       
The significance of V-E day is that Hitler was died, the concentration and death camps came to an end and the European war was over.   


8. Who was Dwight D. Eisenhower?  
Dwight D. Eisenhower was the American general that commanded the invasion of Axis-controlled North Africa.          


9. Do you agree with the decision made by Roosevelt and Churchill to require unconditional surrender by the Axis powers? Why or why not?        

I agree with the decision made by Roosevelt and Churchill to require the unconditional surrender by the Axis powers because it showed all of the other countries that they should be afraid of America and Britain

The Great Depression Widens

From Great Depression 22-2 Reading

1. How did the Great Depression affect minorities?     
The Great Depression affected minorities by; many people lost their jobs, were evicted from their homes and were then thrown out onto the streets. 


2. Why did so many men leave their homes during the Depression?    
Many men left their homes during the great depression because they were so upset that they could not find a job to support their families hence they got so discouraged with themselves that they left their homes.


3. How did the Great Depression affect women and children?    
The Great Depression affected women and children by the women tried to go out and get jobs but it was hard for them because the men did not think that it was right to have unemployed men and employed women; therefore it was very hard for a women to support herself and her children. It was difficult for children because many of them were starving and were getting sick. Also a lot of hospitals and schools closed.


From Great Depression 22-3 Reading

4. What were some of Hoover’s key convictions about government?     

Some of Hoover's key convictions about government were that if business and were in conflict for example, government should step in and help them find a solution that served their mutual interests. He said that governments role was to encourage and facilitate cooperation; not to control it. 

5. Why do you think people blamed Hoover for the nation’s difficulties?    

I think that people blamed Hoover for the nation's difficulties because he believed that it was the rich people's responsibility to help the poor and not the governments; because he thought like this there was no welfare so it made it even harder for people to survive.  

6. What were some of the projects proposed by Hoover, and how effective were they?    

Some if the projects proposed by Hoover were that he asked employers not to cut wages or cut off workers and he also asked labor workers not to demand higher wages or go on strike. Neither of these projects were effective.

7. What did the Bonus Army want?    
The Bonus army were world war one veterans who authorized the government to pay a bonus to world war one veterans who had not been compensated adequately for their wartime service

The Crash Occurs and the Great Depression Begins

1. What industrial weakness signaled a declining economy in the 1920s?        
Some Industrial weakness that signaled a declining economy in the 1920's were; industries such as railroads textiles and steel had barely made a profit. Also mining and lumbering which had expanded during wartime were no longer in high demand. Coal mining was another industry that was hit hard because of all of the new forms of energy such as hydroelectric power, fuel oil and natural gas. Even the big industries such as automobiles, construction, consumer goods and housing started to decline.

 

2. What did the experience of farmers and consumers at this time suggest about the health of the economy?       
The experience of the farmers and the consumers at this time suggested that the health of the economy was not good at all. Mainly because basically every American was living on credit and there was a very uneven distribution of income.


3. How did speculation and margin buying cause stock prices to rise?      

Speculation and margin buying caused stock prices to raise by a lot of Americans were buying items on credit because they did not have the money to pay for it; so when the bills came around to pay for the item they bought they did not have the money therefore the economy/government needed more money so the price of items had to start to raise.

4. What happened to ordinary workers during the Great Depression?      

During the Great Depression a lot of ordinary workers lost their jobs and when they went to the bank to try to get their money in their savings account the bank did not have the money because they gave all of their money to the stock market therefore a lot of ordinary workers went bankrupt and where not able to support their family anymore.


5. How did the Great Depression affect the world economy?    

The Great Depression affected the world economy by a lot of word trade had fallen within 40 percent.